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                <text>IInterview with Boisfeuillet Jones, who was vice president of Emory University from 1946 to 1960 and then Jones served as President Kennedy's special assistant for health and medical affairs and worked with President Johnson to shape the legislation for Medicare. He returned to Atlanta to head the Emily and Ernest Woodruff Foundation and the Robert W. Woodruff Foundation. Interviewed by  Bill Watson, former Deputy Director and Dr. William Foege, CDC. AUDIO only for the first 24 minutes. 12/6/1988.</text>
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                <text>The David J. Sencer CDC Museum at the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333&#13;
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&lt;p&gt;In 1942, when the U.S. was mobilizing for the Second World War, the U. S. Public Health Service set up a program to protect the personnel of military bases in the Southeastern states from malaria. This disease had long been rampant in the area, and posed serious threats to the health of the military and civilian populations. The program known as Malaria Control in War Areas (MCWA) was created to carry out the work. The lack of space in Washington due to the war effort allowed the program to base its headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, and closer to the work at hand. During the war years, the program was expanded to include the control of other communicable diseases. Because its work was so successful, a new organization was created around the nucleus of MCWA, the Communicable Disease Center (CDC). The date was July 1, 1946. This archive chronicles the agency’s early history from 1941-1951, including the contributions of local businessmen and Emory University. The buttons to the right will connect you to a searchable database of documents, oral histories, photographs and media. To conduct an advanced search, use the link in the blue navigation bar above. Use of this information is free, but please see &lt;strong&gt;“About this Site”&lt;/strong&gt; for guidance on how to acknowledge the sources of the information used.&lt;/p&gt;
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Leaders in American Medicine: Dr. Alexander D. Langmuir &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Interviewed by Dr. Donald A. Henderson. A National Medical Audiovisual Center Production in cooperation with Alpha Omega Alpha. Atlanta, Georgia&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dr. Alex Langmuir began by sharing that his sources of inspiration for Public Health were Margaret Sanger and Dr. George Bigelow at Harvard.  After Cornell Medical School, he enjoyed a formative internship at Boston City Hospital, trained with the NYS Health Department, and earned an MPH at Hopkins. He believed his notoriety from identifying polio in New York led him to the Respiratory Diseases Commission Laboratory.  However, he was confident that the Communicable Disease Center (CDC) offered more promising opportunities and was easily recruited.  At the CDC, he eagerly reshaped the malaria eradication program into Malarial Appraisal &amp;amp; Surveillance Teams.  Never shying from controversy, he fought the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for rights to epidemics, indicated that Gamma globulin was of little practical value, and identified Cutter Laboratories as the source of polio vaccine problems.  He also discussed salmonella outbreaks, immunization and state services, hospital infection and diarrheal disease programs, the Mortality, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report(MMWR), and avian flu.  He briefly spoke of EIS officers, trainings, and conferences.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;KEY WORDS:&lt;/strong&gt; Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS), surveillance, National Medical Audiovisual Center, Alpha Omega Alpha, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, National Medical Audiovisual Center, Harvard, Cornell, Boston City Hospital, New York State Health Department, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, polio, Respiratory Diseases Commission Laboratory, Adenovirus 4, CDC, Malarial Appraisal and Surveillance Teams, Bronfman Prize, NIH, 1955 Cutter Incidence, oral polio vaccine, staphylococcus, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), Immunization and State Services, leukemia, family planning, World Health Assembly, “Global Surveillance of Communicable Diseases”&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;KEY NAMES:&lt;/strong&gt; Dr. Alexander D. Langmuir, Dr. Donald A. Henderson, James A. Campbell, Dr. Beatrice C. Seegal, Dr. David E. Seegal, Margaret Sanger, Dr. George H. Bigelow, Dr. Edward S. Godfrey Jr., Dr. Maxwell Finland, Dr. David D. Rutstein, Dr. Edward Rogers, Dr. Edward S. Godfrey, Dr. George H. Ramsey, Dr. Earnest L. Stebbins, Dr. Hollis S. Ingraham, Wade Hampton Frost, John H. Dingle, Dr. Justin M. Andrews, Dr. Joseph Mountin, Philip S. Brachman, Dr. Carl W. Tyler, Dr. Clark W. Heath Jr., Dr. Walsh McDermott, Charles “Mickey” LeMaistre, Dr. Karel Raska, Albert B. Sabin, John R. Paul, James Trask&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;“As I looked it over and saw the vision, there was no question, Justin Andrews took me to the mountain and showed me the Promised Land and everything he said was there…the range of opportunity, the potential was perfectly obvious, and my considerable self-confidence, even though I was depressed at the academic situation, I had no trouble going.”&lt;/em&gt; –Dr. Langmuir on being recruited to the CDC&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Summary of Interview:&lt;/strong&gt; Dr. Samuel Simmons reminisced about being in charge of technical development laboratories in Savannah and leading the technology branch at the CDC. He enjoyed discussing the differences of times past. Low staff numbers and personal connections with surgeons general, chiefs of bureaus, and chiefs of the CDC facilitated finding financial support and eliminated ‘red tape’. He believed people produced twice as much per hour back then and were more dedicated. His leadership work began when MCWA started to do research work under a different name, “operational development”, to learn how to efficiently use insecticides such as DDT. He discussed starting a first rate laboratory on Oatland Island, expanding to study other diseases, and then making cuts for peacetime transitions. He also described becoming internationally connected with the WHO malaria program before Atlanta was. Furthermore, Dr. Simmons was involved with investigating space flight contamination. Notable Quotation from Interview: On the MCWA work ethic: “The dedication of the people back then was something to be proud of. They worked to get job done without any thought of hours or anything else. Everybody was trying to get the job done. I think we accomplished more per man-hour, you might say, than twice as much as you do today. That was due to lack of red tape and I guess due to the war, the dedication that the people had… They worked hard, and as I say, nobody paid attention to hours. If the job needed doing they did it.” – Dr. Samuel Simmons&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key terms in Interview:&lt;/strong&gt; Malaria Control in War Areas [MCWA]; Malaria Control in Defense Areas; Carter Memorial Laboratory; Operational Development Program, World Health Organization [WHO]; National Aeronautic and Space Administration [NASA]; dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [DDT]; staphylococcal hospital infections; endemic typhus; dysentery; diarrhea; Savannah, GA; Oatland Island.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key People Mentioned in Interview:&lt;/strong&gt; Anderson, Dr. Robert J. Hanson, Harry Brown, Dr. William J. "Bill" Hayes, Dr. Wayland J. Burney, Dr. Leroy E. Hollis, Mark Bustamante, Dr. M. E. Mountin, Dr. Joseph W. Deibert, Dr. Austin V. Paine, James G. "Jim" Galley, Dr. Robert A.E. Smith, Dr. Clarence A. "Larry" Goodwin, Dr. Melvin Williams, Dr. Charles L. Hall, Larry Williams, Dr. Louis L.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;The Life and Work of Bill Collins: A Laboratorian's 50 Year Battle Against Malaria&lt;br /&gt;Introduction by Mark Eberhard, CDC Director of Divison of Parasitic Diseases.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;William Collins, Ph.D., career researching malaria provides a history of malaria as well as geographic and economic facts. Dr. Collins describes the beginning of his career as a pure entomologist and then joining the PHS as a civilian after the Korean War. He worked briefly for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) when treatment of neurosyphilis with malaria was ending. He was confident of U.S. malaria epidemic surveillance, but knew global change required more money, people, and commitment. He shared opinions on DDT, global warming, transmission vaccines, blood-stage vaccines, and insecticide treated nets. He avoided retirement because the malaria problem is still unsolved.&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;“I have a few more things to do. I think. There are always more things to do. You know, I came to work with the PHS with a lot of things to do. If all the questions were answered&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;I’d go home.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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                <text>President of the Trebor Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia. &#13;
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&lt;p&gt;In 1942, when the U.S. was mobilizing for the Second World War, the U. S. Public Health Service set up a program to protect the personnel of military bases in the Southeastern states from malaria. This disease had long been rampant in the area, and posed serious threats to the health of the military and civilian populations. The program known as Malaria Control in War Areas (MCWA) was created to carry out the work. The lack of space in Washington due to the war effort allowed the program to base its headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, and closer to the work at hand. During the war years, the program was expanded to include the control of other communicable diseases. Because its work was so successful, a new organization was created around the nucleus of MCWA, the Communicable Disease Center (CDC). The date was July 1, 1946. This archive chronicles the agency’s early history from 1941-1951, including the contributions of local businessmen and Emory University. The buttons to the right will connect you to a searchable database of documents, oral histories, photographs and media. To conduct an advanced search, use the link in the blue navigation bar above. Use of this information is free, but please see &lt;strong&gt;“About this Site”&lt;/strong&gt; for guidance on how to acknowledge the sources of the information used.&lt;/p&gt;
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                <text>The David J. Sencer CDC Museum at the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333&#13;
www.cdc.gov/museum&#13;
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                <text>BishopLinton_20110905.pdf</text>
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